sugar-maple-vet

Referral Centers

Tue, 08 Jul 2025 19:40:33 GMT

Burlington Emergency & Veterinary Specialists

24/7 Emergency Care

1417 Marshall Ave, Williston, VT 05495
Email: info@bevsvt.com
Phone: (802) 863-2387

Peak Veterinary Referral Center

Phone: (802) 878-2022
Address: 158 Hurricane Ln, Williston, VT, 05495

Centre Vétérinaire Rive-Sud

Emergency and specialty center

24/7 Care in the South Shore of Montreal about 1.5 hours from Burlington

1 866 524-4877
7415 boul. Taschereau
Brossard, QC J4Y 1A2 (CANADA)

Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal

Referral Center and 24/7 Care about 2 hours from Burlington

Phone: (450) 778-8111
Saint Hyacinthe, QC (CANADA)

Henry and Lois Foster Hospital for Small Animals

Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine

Tuft University

Referral Center and 24/7 Care about 3 hours and 45 minutes from Burlington

Phone: 508-839-5395
55 Willard Street
North Grafton, MA 01536

Fun Facts About Dogs

Fri, 02 May 2025 12:10:07 GMT

Fun Facts About Dogs!

Dogs are the most popular pet on the planet!

A third of ALL households around the world have a dog. These playful, friendly, loyal animals make great companions.

Dogs can learn over 160 words and gestures!

Your dog is super smart and easy to train. They are actually as smart as two-year-old children. While most dogs can learn around 160 words or gestures there are actually some breeds of dog that can learn up to 250 words and gestures!

Dog noses are at least 40x more sensitive than ours!

Dogs have an incredible sense of smell that not only helps them explore the world but can also be used to help people. Some working dogs are trained to use their super senses to sniff out explosives and illegal goods, find people buried under snow after an avalanche or alert humans to potentially dangerous health issues. Some dogs can detect the signature odor of different cancer and have been shown to detect early colon cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and melanoma by sniffing people’s skin, body fluids or breath

Many dogs work as assistance dogs to help humans!

Many dogs are trained to work as guide dogs, helping blind people get around safely. Others are assistance dogs, who keep their owners calm and safe, while some brave hounds are search and rescue dogs, who help human rescuers save people from danger.

Dogs only sweat from their paws, and have to cool down by panting.

Your four-legged friend doesn’t sweat like you do. They actually sweat through their paws.

They can keep cool in the summer by panting and sweat through their paws.

Dogs can be right or left-pawed!

Like humans, most dogs have a dominant hand – or in their case, paw! To figure out which one it is, you can conduct a simple science experiment…Watch your dog moving from standing still to walking forwards. Do they start walking with their left leg, or their right leg? Watch several times, noting down the starting leg each time, and see if there’s a pattern. Many dogs will often lead with the same leg – their dominant one!

Puppies of all breeds are completely deaf when they are born.

Puppies are born deaf. It normally takes them up to three weeks to get their hearing and once they do they can already hear much better than humans.

Did you know that your dog doesn’t have fingerprints but have noseprints!

Just like your fingerprint is unique to you, a dog's noseprint is entirely their own and there is no other like it. The pattern of bumps and grooves in the skin, and the shape of the nostrils (called nares), are different for every dog. Even siblings have different nose patterns. Some phone apps have been developed for the purpose of locating lost dogs that also use technology to analyze dog nose patterns.

Greyhounds have incredible speed and can run almost as fast as a cheetah!

While cheetahs can reach 70 m/h speeds, they can only run this fast for about 30 seconds. Greyhounds on the other hand can keep a steady pace of 45 m/h for over 7 miles before they need to stop.

Dogs actually see color differently than we do.

While we commonly refer to dogs as colorblind this isn't exactly true. They can still see some colors like blue and yellow but not reds and greens. It turns out that dogs possess two types of color-sensing receptors in their eyes called cones. This makes them similar to most mammals—including cats, cattle and pigs— while humans have three cones. To really understand how dogs see the world, we need to move beyond color. While a green or red ball lying on grass would might not stand out easily to your dog, they will pick up other features such as movement, shape and the way the object reflects light. If you’re really trying to imagine the world through the eyes of your dog, you should picture everything a lot blurrier. Most dogs have 20/75 vision, meaning that they must be 20 feet away from an object to see it as well as a human with clear vision who is standing 75 feet away. But unlike humans, who see very poorly in low light, dogs have evolved to see well in both daytime and nighttime conditions because they have more rods in their eyes, the cells responsible for night vision.

The tallest dog in the world was taller than most people.

Zeus was a Great Dane who stood over 7 feet tall on his hind legs. He could drink from the kitchen sink and even caused his family to need a larger vehicle to fit him better.

Australian shepherds actually don’t come from Australia!

Australian shepherds are actually native to the Western States of the US like California, Colorado, Wyoming and Idaho where they would help herding large flocks of sheep grazing.

All Dalmatians are actually born completely spotless!

Although dalmatians are known for their striking spotted coats, they are actually born completely white and develop spots from two to four weeks old. The number and position of spots are actually set from birth, their skin is pigmented black or liver in the positions where the spots will go on to form in the hairs that grow from these skin cells. While they all are white at birth, breeder can check the color of their underlying skin and see at a few days of age if they will have black- or liver-colored spots.

Dogs actually have three eyelids!

While they have the same two types of eyelids that we have, dogs actually have a third eyelid that is an extra protective layer to help care for their eye and keep it moist.

1.) Dogs are the most popular pet on the planet!

A third of ALL households around the world have a dog. These playful, friendly, loyal animals make great companions.

2.) Dogs can learn over 160 words and phrases!

3.) Dog noses are 40x more sensitive than ours!

4.) Many dogs work as assistance dogs to help humans!

5.) Dogs only sweat from their paws and have to cool down by panting!

Your four-legged friend doesn’t sweat like you do. They actually sweat through their paws.

They can keep cool in the summer by panting and sweat through their paws.

6.) Dogs can be right or left pawed!

7.) Puppies of all breeds are completely deaf when they are born!

Puppies are born deaf. It normally takes them up to three weeks to get their hearing and once they do they can already hear much better than humans.

7.) Your dog doesn't have fingerprints, it has noseprints!

8.) Greyhounds have incredible speed and can run almost as fast as a cheetah!

While cheetahs can reach 70 m/h speeds, they can only run this fast for about 30 seconds. Greyhounds on the other hand can keep a steady pace of 45 m/h for over 7 miles before they need to stop.

9.) Dogs see color differently than we do!

10.) The tallest dog in the world was taller than most people!

Zeus was a Great Dane who stood over 7 feet tall on his hind legs. He could drink from the kitchen sink and even caused his family to need a larger vehicle to fit him better.

10.) Australian Shepherds don't actually come from Australia!

Australian shepherds are actually native to the Western States of the US like California, Colorado, Wyoming and Idaho where they would help herding large flocks of sheep grazing.

11.) Dalmatians are born spotless!

12.) Dogs actually have three eyelids!

While they have the same two types of eyelids that we have, dogs actually have a third eyelid that is an extra protective layer to help care for their eye and keep it moist.

How To Become a Veterinarian

Fri, 02 May 2025 11:57:01 GMT

Vets Are The Doctors of the Animal World!

A vet looks after sick and injured animals, treating them with medicine or performing surgeries to make them better. They also check their general health to make sure they haven't got any other problems. Vets can see all kinds of animals, from fish to elephants! Some of our doctors have worked with whales, giraffes, monkeys, horses, cows, pigs, owls, snakes and even lions! It can be a difficult job with lots of different cases each day to keep you on your toes and you may have to go out and visit some of your patients, so it is never boring!

If you want to become a vet, you need to show a passion for animals, and the willingness to study and sometimes work long hours! Get involved early with organizations that work with farm, companion, wildlife or other animals. Contact your veterinarian to see if you can follow them for a day, a week or even a month during the summer.

After high school, you will need to complete an undergraduate degree, ideally in biology or pre-veterinary sciences. Then you can apply to veterinary school. There are over 31 accredited veterinary schools in the US with different courses and focus of interest so take your time looking around each one before choosing which school is right for you. Veterinary school is usually 4 years and will cover all kinds of information and skills needed to understand and treat animals.

You will also need to work in real veterinary practices as part of your studies, to help put what you've been learning into practice. This will include experience in different areas of veterinary work, from general practice treating household pets, to farm animals or even more exotic wildlife! Once qualified, you can either start to practice or choose to do a residency in a specialty. There are 22 recognized specialties in the US including surgery, dentistry, internal medicine, radiology, ophthalmology, and zoo medicine.

There are million ways to help out animals as a Vet! It’s a wonderful occupation for passionate people who care and want to help.

Come See Us!

Fri, 02 May 2025 00:08:28 GMT

Sugar Maple Veterinary Center Wants to See You!

We open our doors to kids of all ages 4 times a year and give them an opportunity to learn about what we do and how we can make your pet friends better. Over half a day, we will show you how we do examinations, surgeries, ultrasounds, look at tissues under the microscope and much more. Ask your parents to reserve a spot at our next open house!

We also love to go and see you in your classroom! Ask your teacher if they would be interested in having a veterinarian spend an hour with all your class and show you all kinds of tricks and trades of the veterinary and animal world!

Tricks: Teach Your Dog How to Shake

Thu, 01 May 2025 23:43:03 GMT

Shake

Trick training is a fun way to bond with your four-legged friends.

Here's how to teach your dog how to shake:

Step 1:

Always train your dog in a quiet area away from distractions. Have some goodie snacks your dog will enjoy (make sure your parents approve them…some treats can be bad!). Give your dog a treat to make sure they are interested in the training games.

Step 2:

Place a treat in your hand and enclose it in your fist. Place your fist near your dog’s nose. It is important not to hold the treat too high, otherwise this might make your dog jump.

Step 3:

Your dog should place a paw on your fist to try and get the treat out. Every dog is different, some might do it straight away others might need a little more time.

Step 4:

Once your dog puts his or her paw onto your fist, say the cue word (‘Paw’ or ‘shake’) and open your fist and let your dog have the treat. Don’t forget to tell them how well they did and that they are such a good dog! Repeat many times and stay consistent with your cue word!

Ear Infections in Dogs

Thu, 01 May 2025 19:01:04 GMT

Ear infections are a common health issue in dogs, causing discomfort and potentially serious complications if left untreated.

What causes ear infections in dogs?

Also known as otitis externa, ear infections can affect dogs of all breeds, sizes and ages. A healthy ear should be clean, dry and odorless. Regular ear care is the best way to prevent infections and keep the ear healthy at all times.

Here are a few issues that might result in an ear infection for your dog:

Allergies: Environmental and food allergies can cause inflammation and excess wax production in the ear canal, which can lead to secondary infections.
Moisture: Excess moisture from swimming or bathing can create an ideal environment for bacterial and yeast growth. This is more commonly an issue with contaminated water sources, like lakes, or if the ear was already inflamed beforehand.
Foreign bodies: Foreign bodies like grass seeds can become lodged in your dog’s ear canal, causing irritation and infection.
Ear mites: These parasites cause intense itching and inflammation in dogs’ ears, usually leading to an infection.
Underlying health issues: Conditions like hypothyroidism or autoimmune disorders can predispose some dogs to ear infections.
Narrow ear canals: Dogs that have anatomically very narrow ear canals (eg.: sharpei), very hairy ears, or that have polyps or tumors in their ears, or chronic ear infections in the past makes the ears more narrow, humid and prone to infection.
Dangling ear flaps: Flappy ears in certain breeds (eg.: Bassett Hounds, Spaniels, Golden retrievers) cover the entrance to the ear canals so that air cannot flow freely into the ear, again making the ear canals more humid and prone to infection.

What are the signs of an ear infection in dogs?

Head shaking or tilting
Constant scratching at the ears
Redness or swelling in the ear canal
Discharge or a foul smell
Pain or sensitivity when touching the ears
Hearing loss or balance issues.

Signs of ear infections in dogs can vary depending on the type of infection (e.g., bacterial, yeast, etc.), degree of inflammation and location (whether it is just the external ear canal or if it is affecting the middle ear).

Different types of ear infections:

Outer ear infections (otitis externa): These infections mostly happen in the ear canal and are the most common type of ear infection in dogs.
Middle ear infections (otitis media): These occur when an outer ear infection spreads deeper inside, beyond the ear drum, which can lead to more serious complications.
Inner ear infections (otitis interna): This occurs when the innermost part of the ear and its internal structures become affected, tending to impact balance and hearing.

How to treat a dog’s ear infection:

Ear cleaning: Thoroughly clean the ear canal to remove gunk and discharge.
Medications: In acute ear infections, ear drops containing various combinations of steroid, antibiotic, antiparasitic and/or antifungal agents are often used. Sometimes, steroid injections and oral medications including antibiotics or antifungals can be required.
Address the underlying causes: Manage any underlying conditions, like allergies, to prevent recurring issues. In some cases, long term use of ear drops to remove wax or to control inflammation may be necessary.
Surgical treatment: If the ear is beyond medical management and there are permanent structural changes or chronic pain, surgery may be used to salvage the situation. For chronically painful ears surgery to remove the whole of the ear canal can provide relief.

How to clean your dog’s ears safely

Regular ear cleaning is a key step in avoiding infections. Here’s a simple six-step guide to safely clean your dog’s ears:

Use a veterinarian-recommended ear cleaner, cotton pads or tissue and a towel.
Have your dog sit or lie down comfortably.
Gently lift the ear flap and use the ear cleaner according to the directions.
Gently massage the base of the ear to distribute the cleaner and loosen any build-up.
Use a cotton pad or tissue to wipe anything that might remain. Don’t use cotton swabs/buds, as these can push build-up further into the ear canal.
Give your pet treats as a positive reinforcement.

Regular cleaning will help reduce build-up and moisture, which will, in turn, lower the risk of infection.

When to see us for ear problems?

It’s best to seek advice if you notice any ongoing signs, discomfort, or if your dog seems to be getting recurring ear infections. As always, early intervention can help prevent complications and ensure your dog is happy and healthy.

By staying vigilant and regularly caring for your dog’s ears, you can help keep them healthy and avoid nasty infections.

Corneal Ulcers

Thu, 01 May 2025 18:59:01 GMT

The normal cornea (surface of the eye) is covered by a layer of tissue called the epithelium, similar to a 'skin' over the deeper eye layers. A corneal ulcer is a wound on the surface of the cornea.

WHAT CAUSES A CORNEAL ULCER?

There are many causes of corneal ulcers. Damage to the cornea can occur due to trauma, environmental irritants, or to primary anatomic issues with the eyelids or eyelid function. System disease and tear film abnormalities also can result in deterioration of the corneal health and integrity.

Typical causes of ulcer are:

Abnormal hairs, eyelashes or foreign bodies irritating the cornea
Decreased tear production
Infectious agents
Immune mediated diseases
Endocrine disease, including hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, and diabetes
Endothelial cell dystrophy (corneal edema)
Neurologic deficiency, such as loss of sensory innervation of the cornea
Radiation therapy near the eye
Chemical or traumatic injury

HOW IS A CORNEAL ULCER DIAGNOSED?

The most common clinical signs of a corneal ulcer include squinting, redness, cloudiness of the cornea, tearing, or discharge. A special stain called fluorescein can be used to help identify the ulcer on the cornea. Corneal ulcers are characterized according to location,

depth, associated diseases, and cause.

HOW ARE CORNEAL ULCERS TREATED?

Treatment of the ulcer depends on the type and depth of the ulcer. Some corneal ulcers respond to simple application of medications to prevent infection and alleviate pain. Other types of ulcers, particularly those that are very deep sometimes require surgery. There is a specific ulcer called indolent ulcers (superficial chronic corneal epithelial defect aka SCCED). Indolent ulcers are superficial ulcers that tend to heal very slowly unless special techniques are performed, and occasionally require surgery. Very deep ulcers may have a risk of progressing to a corneal rupture and often require surgical intervention to stabilize the cornea.

WHAT IS THE PROGNOSIS FOR A CORNEAL ULCER?

Early identification of corneal pathology, along with proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan usually results in the best clinical outcome. During the early stages of medical treatment, it is usual that frequent reevaluation and monitoring of the tissue healing are indicated. Surgical therapy may become necessary if healing is not progressing as anticipated.

Cataracts in Dogs

Thu, 01 May 2025 18:56:57 GMT

Cataracts are a relatively common eye condition in dogs that can result in vision impairment and even blindness if left untreated.

What are cataracts in dogs?

Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, stopping light from passing through to the retina and resulting in blurred vision. They can affect one or both eyes and vary in severity — from small, localized areas of cloudiness to complete opacity of the lens. While cataracts can develop at any age, they tend to be more common in old dogs.

What causes cataracts in dogs?

Genetic factors: Most cataracts have a hereditary basis in dogs. Certain breeds like cocker spaniels, miniature poodles, and Siberian huskies are at greater risk and can develop juvenile cataracts at a young age.
Age-related cataracts: Just like humans, dogs can develop cataracts as a natural part of the ageing process.
Trauma: Injury to the eye can cause cataracts as a response to damage.
Underlying health conditions: Diabetes is the most common disease associated with cataracts in dogs, as it can cause changes in the lens’s metabolism.
Poor nutrition: A lack of certain nutrients, especially in puppies, can speed up the development of cataracts.

What are the signs of cataracts in dogs?

Early detection of cataracts is crucial for effective management. Common symptoms to look for include:

Cloudy or bluish appearance of the eye: The most noticeable sign of cataracts is a visible cloudiness in one or both eyes but cataracts can assume a variety of appearances such as small spots, a cracked-ice appearance, a diffuse milky haze, a “pearl-like” sheen, or white streaks.
Difficulty seeing in low light: Dogs with cataracts might struggle to move around in dimly lit areas.
Bumping into objects: Vision impairment can cause your dog to regularly bump into furniture or walls.
Reluctance to climb stairs or jump: Changes in depth perception could cause your dog to become hesitant when doing everyday things.
Eye irritation: Your dog may paw at their eyes, have weepy eyes, have inflammation of the eyes or show signs of discomfort. Immature (early stage) cataracts do not generally cause pain, but mature (advanced stage) cataracts can lead to problems with the eyes like increased pressure (glaucoma) and inflammation (uveitis).

Cataracts won’t resolve on their own and can worsen over time. You should seek advice if you notice any symptoms.

What are the treatment options for cataracts in dogs?

Treatment ultimately comes down to the severity of the condition and the overall health of your dog, but some options include:

Non-surgical management: In cases where cataracts are small or don’t majorly impact their vision, we might recommend monitoring the condition and managing underlying health issues, such as diabetes. We may also prescribe eye ointments or drops if indicated, to control secondary inflammation or increased eye pressure. However, there is no proven medical treatment known to reverse or slow the progression of, or prevent the formation of a cataract. Surgery is the only known treatment both in animals and humans, and often provides a return of functional vision to pets.
Surgical intervention: Similar to humans, the most effective treatment for cataracts is surgical removal of the cloudy lens, followed by the implantation of an artificial lens. This procedure has a high success rate in restoring vision. However, it is a special type of surgery that should only be performed by a veterinary ophthalmologist. After surgery, your dog will need precise post-operative care, including eye drops, to prevent infection and keep inflammation to a minimum.

How do we prevent cataracts in dogs?

While not all cases of cataracts are preventable, there are some steps you can take to reduce your dog’s risk levels:

Regular veterinary examination: Early detection of conditions like diabetes and Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) can help prevent cataracts from developing.
Protect your dog’s eyes: Try to prevent your dog from being exposed to direct sunlight for long periods and avoid situations/environments where eye trauma is a higher risk.
Balanced diet: Ensure your dog is fed a complete and balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, especially antioxidants, which support eye health.

How is it to live with a dog that has cataracts?

There are ways to help a dog who has been diagnosed with cataracts to adjust and maintain their quality of life. Dogs can still lead a very happy life, even with poor vision, they just need additional support to help them adjust. For one, don’t start rearranging the furniture or add any new obstacles to your dog’s living space, as this can cause confusion and accidents. Dogs are very good at working out a mental map of their environment, based on touch, smell and sound. Keep the environment as consistent as possible, remove any hazards and access to hazards (eg.: put barricades/gates on open verandahs, tall staircases, make sure their resources are easily accessible, etc). Train your dog to respond to verbal commands to help guide them through their environment when needed. And watch for any changes in your dog’s vision, such as increased cloudiness or signs of discomfort.

Cataracts can impact your dog’s vision and everyday life, but with proper care and management, your dog can enjoy a good quality of life.

Eyelid Masses

Thu, 01 May 2025 18:50:24 GMT

Eyelide Masses

Eyelid masses are common in dogs. They typically develop in older dogs but can occur at any age. They can be detrimental to your pet’s health and quality of life but fortunately most of them behave in a benign way and do not metastasize to distant areas of the body. Eyelid masses do usually enlarge with time resulting in structural and functional changes to the eyelids and irritation to the surface of the eye (cornea). Very occasionally, eyelid masses are malignant and therefore should be addressed early to prevent complications. Early identification and complete treatment can prevent additional problems such as self-trauma, ulceration, or opacification and inflammation of the adjacent ocular tissues.

What are the most common types of eyelid masses in dogs

The top three most common canine eyelid masses are:

Meibomian gland adenoma and adenocarcinoma: These masses arise from Meibomian glands, which are specialized glands that line the upper and lower eyelids. Meibomian glands secrete oily substances that help keep the tear film healthy. Masses arising from Meibomian glands are often seen protruding from the eyelid margin. They can appear pink, lobular, and often have varying degrees of pigmentation. Large masses can often bleed and ulcerate.
Melanoma : There are two types of eyelid melanomas in dogs. The first type arises from the eyelid skin and typically occurs as a single protruding smooth pigmented mass that can easily be removed surgically. The second type arises from the pigmented eyelid margin and is flat and broad, and tends to expand in all directions. This type is more locally invasive and can require removal of large portions of the eyelid margin. Alternative therapies such as cryotherapy and topical chemotherapy can also be utilized. Additional therapies such as cryotherapy and in some cases, chemotherapy may be necessary.
Papilloma : These masses are often viral in origin, and they vary in color from white to pink to pigmented, and tend to appear as pedunculated and cobblestone-like masses. They occur more commonly in young dogs but can occur in dogs of any age. In young dogs, they can regress without treatment.

How do you diagnose and treat eyelid masses

Due to the potential for irritation, growth, and potential discomfort, surgical removal of eyelid masses is often indicated. Small masses in cooperative dogs may be removed with just local anesthetic, while large masses or masses in anxious dogs often require general anesthesia and surgery. After removal, the eyelid mass should be submitted in pathology to obtain a definitive diagnosis and to determine if additional therapy is necessary.

ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center

Fri, 25 Apr 2025 20:00:49 GMT

The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center

The APCC hotline (888) 426-4435, is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Their website has a searchable database for toxic plants, household products, etc., and tips on poison prevention.

Skin Cancer in Dogs & Cats

Fri, 25 Apr 2025 19:03:21 GMT

Skin Cancer in Dogs & Cats

Skin cancer is one of the biggest concerns among pet owners as it can affect any age and breed. Knowing the signs of skin cancer in dogs and cats and the available treatment options can help with early detection and ongoing management.

Understanding skin cancer in dogs and cats

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in pets. Studies have shown that approximately 1 in 4 dogs and 1 in 5 cats will develop cancer at some point in their lives, with skin cancer being a prevalent form. Therefore, early detection and treatment are critical for improving the prognosis and quality of your pet’s life.

Signs of skin cancer in dogs:

Once you know what to look for, you may be able to recognize the potential signs of skin cancer in your dog. Common signs of skin cancer in dogs include:
Unusual lumps or bumps on the skin
Sores that don’t heal
Bleeding or discharge from the skin
Changes in the appearance of a mole or wart
Itching or discomfort in specific areas

Types of skin cancer in dogs:

Mast cell tumors in dogs: Mast cell tumors are a common type of skin cancer in dogs – they appear most commonly as raised, often pink or red in color, circular, sometimes ulcerated lumps on the skin and can develop almost anywhere on your pet’s body. They can develop under the skin also, wherein you would feel a firm, rounded lump, under the skin. However, mast cell tumor can look like ANY TYPE of skin mass and always remains in our differential. The cause isn’t entirely understood, but genetic factors and environmental influences can play a role. Breeds such as boxers, English bulldogs, golden retrievers, cocker spaniels and Boston terriers are typically at a higher risk for developing mast cell tumors.
Melanoma in dogs: Melanomas are tumors that originate from pigment-producing cells in the skin. They tend to appear most commonly in a dog’s mouth, toes and on the skin. Though commonly black in color, they can be non-pigmented or mottled. They can also be difficult to identify, as sometimes they will be a distinct, round mass, but other times a raised, flat-topped area. Melanoma in dogs can be benign or malignant. Melanoma of the mouth and toes are commonly malignant, whereas those on the skin are more often benign. A few breeds are more prone to developing melanoma, including miniature poodles, cocker spaniels and golden retrievers.
Squamous cell carcinomas in dogs: A squamous cell carcinoma is a type of malignant tumor that affects areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to sunlight, particularly the nose, ears and abdomen. They often appear as a firm, raised mass with a rough surface. Breeds with short or thin coats are often more susceptible, such as boxers, German shorthaired pointers and beagles.

Signs of skin cancer in cats:

Skin cancer symptoms in cats can be subtle, making ongoing vigilance important for cat owners. A few common signs of skin cancer in cats you can look out for include:
Lumps or growths on the skin
Persistent sores, wounds or scabs
Redness or swelling in specific areas
Changes in skin pigmentation
Hair loss in localized areas

Types of skin cancer in cats:

Mast cell tumors in cats: Mast cell tumors in cats tend to appear as solitary, raised nodules on the skin. They are usually benign but sometimes can become malignant. The cause of these tumors isn’t well understood, but older cats are more commonly affected.
Basal cell carcinoma in cats: These slow-growing cancers originate from the basal cells in your cat’s skin. They usually present as a firm, raised mass with a smooth or ulcerated surface. More common in older cats, this type of cancer can have a higher incidence in Himalayan, Persian and Siamese breeds.
Squamous cell carcinomas in cats: Squamous cell carcinoma in cats is often linked to prolonged sun exposure, often showing up in areas with little hair, especially around their nose, ears and eyelids. They look like red, crusty lesions that won’t heal by themself. This is often seen as a scab, that lifts away, exposing ulcerated tissue underneath, which then scabs over again. This process repeats, removing more tissue each time, creating deeper ulcerations and tissue loss. If you have a white or light-colored cat, know they tend to be more prone to this type of cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth is often seen as a raised, pink/red, fleshy or ulcerated region within the mouth and is highly invasive.

What are common treatments for skin masses in dogs and cats?

Surgery: Treatment for most skin cancers involves surgical removal of the tumor and some surrounding tissue to ensure complete excision.
Radiation therapy: Used for tumors that can’t be easily removed with surgery or when surgery alone is insufficient.
Chemotherapy: May be recommended for certain types of cancer or when the cancer has spread.
Cryotherapy: Involves freezing small, superficial tumors with liquid nitrogen.

What are some prevention tips?

Preventing skin cancer in pets is possible by minimizing risk factors and having regular check-ups with us. Some top prevention tips include:

Sun protection: Limit your pet’s exposure to direct sunlight, especially during peak hours in the middle of Summer. You can even use pet-safe sunscreen on vulnerable areas like their nose.
Healthy diet: Feed your pet a balanced diet rich in antioxidants to support overall health and immune system function.
Regular skin checks: Check your pet’s skin regularly for unusual lumps or bumps and have them vet checked if any are found. Early detection will provide the best chance for treatment.
Regular vet visits: Check-ups are the best way to spot the early signs of skin cancer and manage any other health issues.

Diabetes In Dogs

Fri, 25 Apr 2025 18:48:37 GMT

Diabetes in Dogs

Diabetes is a serious but manageable condition that affects many dogs. Just like in humans, diabetes can lead to long-term complications if left untreated. That’s why early detection and consistent care are important for helping diabetic dogs live healthy lives.

What is diabetes?

There are two main forms of diabetes that occur in dogs: diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common type and is caused by the body’s inability to produce enough insulin (predominantly) or an inability to use insulin effectively. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels (glucose) in the body by facilitating the movement of sugar obtained from food into the body's cells to provide them with energy. Without adequate insulin levels or the ability of the body to respond to insulin appropriately sugar builds up in the blood, resulting in high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

Diabetes insipidus , on the other hand, is a rarer form of diabetes that involves a problem with water balance in the body rather than blood glucose control.

The information provided here specifically addresses diabetes mellitus.

How common is diabetes in dogs?

Diabetes is relatively common in dogs, with a reported worldwide prevalence ranging from 0.2-1.2%, with certain breeds and age groups being more susceptible. Diabetes typically occurs in middle-aged and older dogs, with certain breeds like Dachshunds, Poodles, Australian Terriers, Schnauzers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Beagles at higher risk of developing diabetes. Puppies can also develop a rare form of diabetes, known as congenital diabetes.

What causes diabetes in dogs?

There are a number of suspected or confirmed factors that might result in diabetes in dogs:

Genetic predisposition: Some breeds are genetically more likely to develop diabetes including miniature poodles, Bichons Frises, Pugs, Dachshunds, Miniature Schnauzer, Samoyeds, Keeshonds, Australian Terrier, Fox Terriers, Cairn Terriers and Beagles

Obesity: Overweight dogs are likely to have reduced insulin sensitivity.

Sex: Unspayed female dogs are twice as likely as male dogs to have diabetes

Autoimmune disease: In some cases, the immune system can mistakenly attack the insulin producing cells in the pancreas resulting in impaired insulin production

Hormonal imbalances: Hormonal conditions like Cushing’s disease, hypothyroidism or even altered growth hormone levels (which can occur in certain phases of a female dog’s estrus cycle or due to a condition called acromegaly) are associated with diabetes development.

Drugs: Certain drugs, especially corticosteroids if used for prolonged periods, are associated with increased risk of developing diabetes.

Pancreatitis: Chronic inflammation of the pancreas can also damage insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

What are the signs of diabetes in dogs?

Recognizing the early signs of diabetes in dogs is most important for timely diagnosis and treatment. Common signs include:

Increased thirst (polydipsia): A dog with diabetes will often drink a lot more water.
Frequent urination (polyuria): Due to the excess glucose in their bloodstream, diabetic dogs tend to urinate more frequently. A dog may ask to go outside frequently and may start having accidents in the house.
Weight loss: Despite eating normally, dogs with diabetes often lose weight as their bodies are unable to use glucose for energy production, resulting in the body breaking down fat stores more rapidly than normal.
Increased appetite (polyphagia): Many diabetic dogs become hungrier because their bodies are not able to access the energy provided from their food like normal.
Lethargy: Dogs with unmanaged diabetes will often show signs of weakness or low energy.
Cloudy eyes: In diabetes, high amounts of glucose enter the lens, are transformed into sorbitol which attracts an excess of water into the lens and causes cataracts (cloudy/white eyes). Cataracts can result in reduced vision or complete blindness as signs progress.
Persistent or recurrent infections: Diabetic dogs are often at increased risk of infections, especially urinary tract infections.

If you notice any of these symptoms, visit us early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and prevent further complications.

How do we diagnose diabetes in dogs?

Diagnosing diabetes in dogs starts with a physical exam but will also often require blood tests and urine tests. It's likely that your pet will receive a comprehensive blood test to check a range of parameters which may include a:

Blood glucose: This test measures the amount of glucose (glycemia) in your dog’s blood. Persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) is the primary indicator of diabetes.
Urine glucose: This test can detect glucose in the urine, which is another sign of diabetes.
Urine ketones: Abnormal ketone levels can be found in animals that are metabolizing fat for energy rather than glucose, which often occurs with diabetes. If there are ketones in the urine, this could suggest a more severe stage of diabetes known as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Fructosamine test: This blood test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three weeks. It can confirm a diagnosis of diabetes and help monitor long-term blood glucose control.

We will work with you to determine which type of diabetes your dog has and develop a clear treatment plan.

What are the treatment options for diabetes in dogs?

Treatment for diabetes in dogs is all about maintaining stable blood sugar levels. The most common treatment options include:

Insulin therapy: Almost all diabetic dogs have insulin-dependent diabetes and will need insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose. Insulin is usually administered twice a day under the skin in conjunction with a meal. We will teach you how to give the injections and monitor your dog’s blood glucose levels at home. It can take some time to establish the right insulin dose for your pet, so regular communication with us will often be required. Some insulins are available from regular pharmacies while others are specific to veterinary pharmacies. We will work with you to provide you with the right treatment options. Overdose of insulin can have serious effects. Never try to change the dose of insulin without discussing with us. To determine if a dose needs adjusting, we will need to do a glucose curve over 10-24 hours.
Oral medications: In rare cases, oral medications may be prescribed. They are generally not as effective as insulin therapy.
Dietary changes: A balanced, low-fat and high-fiber diet can help regulate glucose absorption and sugar levels in the blood. Consistent feeding schedules that minimize changes in the type and amount of food and timing of meals is important. Typically, diabetic dogs are fed in 2 meals approximately 12 hours apart. Insulin is given after they have been seen to eat their food. Speak to us about the best diet for your diabetic dog.
Exercise: An appropriate exercise regime helps improve glucose control by promoting weight loss and reducing insulin resistance. Exercise also helps move the insulin from the injection site around the body. Daily exercise, often at times of the day when your pet’s blood glucose is likely to be the highest, is often recommended. We will recommend the best exercise plan for your dog depending on their specific needs.

How are diet and nutrition managed in my diabetic dog?

Diet is a big part of managing diabetes in dogs. Your veterinarian might recommend a prescription diet or a diabetic dog food, which has been designed specifically for maintaining stable blood glucose levels in dogs.

Some important dietary guidelines for diabetic dogs include:

Regular feeding schedule: Feed your dog at the same times each day. The exact timing of meals will depend on the type of insulin your pet is receiving, but it is usually just before or within 1-2 hours of the insulin being given. We will give you specific guidance on this for your pet.
Low-fat, high-fiber diet: These diets help slow the absorption of glucose and avoid spikes in blood sugar levels.
Avoid sugary treats and human food: Foods with high sugar content, such as treats or table scraps, can cause dangerous spikes in blood sugar levels.

How is it to live with dogs affected by diabetes?

Living with a diabetic dog requires you to be diligent and perceptive to how they are feeling, but with the right care and monitoring your pet can lead a happy and active lifestyle. Here are some tips for managing your dog’s diabetes on a day-to-day basis:

Monitor their blood-glucose levels: Regular monitoring of your dog’s blood glucose levels at home can help ensure their diabetes is under control. We can guide you on how to use a glucose reader and interpret the results. In some cases, your pet may wear a special monitoring device, and in other cases you may be directed to obtain a small blood sample (often from the ear) to measure their levels.
Monitor their water intake: Regularly measuring your pets water intake will help to monitor how well their diabetes is being controlled as increased water intake is often an early sign of elevated blood glucose levels.
Monitor their urine ketone levels: We may also recommend routinely checking for ketones in your pets urine using a special urine dipstick to ensure your pet is not showing signs of possible diabetic ketoacidosis.
Exercise regularly: Regular exercise helps regulate blood glucose levels and maintain a healthy weight. Strenuous activity or sudden changes in exercise routines or activity levels should be avoided as this can negatively affect their blood glucose levels.
Watch for behavioral changes: Keep an eye out for any changes in your dog’s behavior, appetite or energy levels. Sudden changes might indicate that their blood glucose is too high or too low, which could mean their insulin dosage needs adjusting. It could also indicate there is a complication developing secondary to their diabetes that warrants treatment, such as cataracts impacting their vision or even a urinary tract infection.
Routine vet visits: Regular check-ups with us should be part of monitoring your dog’s condition. All changes to their treatment plan should be discussed with us before being implemented.
Hypoglycemia: the most serious complications to treatment is hypoglycemia when your dog is given insulin without eating or if the dog is overdosed. Your dog may look tired, weak, sleepy or wobbly/drunk when roused. Hypoglycemia is an emergency and may progress to serious complications such as seizures. In those cases, try to get your dog to eat. If the dog doesn’t not want to eat, give light karo syrup, honey or even sugar water at a dose of 1 tbsp per 5 lbs. If no improvement occurs, seek immediate medical attention.

Some pets may be difficult to regulate due to improper administration of insulin, rapid metabolism of insulin, concurrent steroid administration or presence of progesterone in unspayed females (unspayed female diabetic dogs should be spayed once they are regulated).

Osteoarthritis in Dogs

Fri, 25 Apr 2025 18:42:46 GMT

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and painful disease that affects many dogs, particularly as they get older. Here’s what you need to know about the causes, symptoms and treatment options available to help your dog live a comfortable and active life.

What is OA in dogs?

Also known arthritis and degenerative joint disease, OA is a condition that causes inflammation and deterioration of the joints. It tends to affect older dogs, but younger dogs can also develop OA, especially if they have had joint injuries in the past, have congenital joint conditions (like hip or elbow dysplasia or patellar luxation) or are predisposed to the condition because of their breed.

What causes OA in dogs?

Several factors can contribute to the development of OA in dogs. As dogs age, the cartilage in their joints naturally wears down, which can lead to OA. Certain dogs have conformational issues that predispose them to developing OA. Certain breeds are over represented, such as; Labrador retrievers, German shepherds, golden retrievers and Great Danes.

Other factors can play a big part. Excess weight puts additional stress on a dog’s joints, which can speed up cartilage degeneration. Trauma to the joints, such as fractures or ligament tears, can also lead to the early onset of OA.

What are the signs of OA in dogs?

Spotting the symptoms of arthritis in your dog can be helpful for early diagnosis and ongoing management. Common signs include:

Stiffness: Particularly noticeable after rest or in cold weather.
Limping: Your dog might favor one or more limbs.
Reluctance to move: Hesitance to jump, climb stairs or be physically active.
Pain: Signs of discomfort when touched or handled.
Changes in behavior: Irritability, lethargy or changes in appetite.
Difficulty getting up: Especially after lying down for a period of time.

If you spot any of these symptoms in your dog, seek a full-body examination from us.

How do you diagnose OA in dogs?

We can diagnose OA through a combination of physical examinations, observations and diagnostic imaging. X-rays lets us assess joint damage and rule out any other potential causes of the signs. In some cases, advanced imaging techniques at a referral center like MRIs or CT scans might be necessary to get a more detailed view of the joints.

How do we treat OA in dogs?

Managing arthritis in dogs can include lifestyle changes, medications, and supplements. Here’s a closer look at some common treatment options:

Exercise

Regular, low-impact exercise can help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength in dogs living with OA. Swimming and controlled leash walks can help keep your dog active without placing too much strain on their joints. Be sure to avoid high-intensity activities, like running or jumping, which can exacerbate joint pain.

Drugs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. Meloxicam, carprofen and firocoxib are medications that can help improve your dog’s mobility and comfort. Additional medications can be used for OA including gabapentin and amantadine.

Monoclonal antibodies, such as Librela ^TM , are also used to manage pain due to OA in dogs. This medication targets pain at the pain receptors and has a high safety profile, making it a great option for older patients.

Oral supplements

Supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate and omega-3 fatty acids may be recommended to support your dog’s joint health and reduce inflammation. While evidence of their effectiveness varies, many pet owners report improvements in their dog’s condition after regular use.

Injectable supplements

Pentosan polysulphate (PPS) is an injectable medication that protects joint cartilage and reduces inflammation. It’s often used in tandem with other treatments to manage arthritis symptoms over the long term.

Weight control

Excess weight puts additional stress on already compromised joints and also increases inflammation within the joints. So, putting your dog on a well-balanced diet and feeding them controlled portion sizes, combined with regular low impact exercise, can help them maintain a healthy weight. We might recommend a prescription diet designed for weight management in arthritic dogs.

How to help a dog with arthritis at home?

Here are a few ways you can make life easier and more comfortable for your dog at home:

Soft bedding: A supportive, orthopedic bed can reduce pressure on your dog’s joints while they sleep.
Use ramps or steps: These can help your dog climb onto furniture or into your car without jumping.
Keep them warm: Chilly winters and harsh weather can worsen OA signs, so make sure your dog can stay warm.
Gentle massage: Massaging your dog’s muscles around the affected joints can help reduce stiffness and improve circulation. Sometimes range of motion and other specific exercises are recommended to help maintain good muscle condition around affected joints to help support arthritic joints.

Are there any cures for OA in dogs?

While there’s no cure for OA in dogs, the condition can be well managed with the right combination of treatments and lifestyle adjustments. With proper care, many dogs with OA can continue to lead active and fulfilling lives. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor the progression of the disease and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

sugar-maple-vet

Referral Centers

Fun Facts About Dogs

Fun Facts About Dogs!

1.) Dogs are the most popular pet on the planet!

2.) Dogs can learn over 160 words and phrases!

3.) Dog noses are 40x more sensitive than ours!

4.) Many dogs work as assistance dogs to help humans!

5.) Dogs only sweat from their paws and have to cool down by panting!

6.) Dogs can be right or left pawed!

7.) Puppies of all breeds are completely deaf when they are born!

7.) Your dog doesn't have fingerprints, it has noseprints!

8.) Greyhounds have incredible speed and can run almost as fast as a cheetah!

9.) Dogs see color differently than we do!

10.) The tallest dog in the world was taller than most people!

10.) Australian Shepherds don't actually come from Australia!

11.) Dalmatians are born spotless!

12.) Dogs actually have three eyelids!

How To Become a Veterinarian

Vets Are The Doctors of the Animal World!

Come See Us!

Sugar Maple Veterinary Center Wants to See You!

Tricks: Teach Your Dog How to Shake

Shake

Trick training is a fun way to bond with your four-legged friends.

Here's how to teach your dog how to shake:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

Ear Infections in Dogs

Corneal Ulcers

Cataracts in Dogs

Eyelid Masses

Eyelide Masses

ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center

The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center

Skin Cancer in Dogs & Cats

Skin Cancer in Dogs & Cats

Diabetes In Dogs

Diabetes in Dogs

Osteoarthritis in Dogs

Have a question or need a professional opinion?

Book an appointment or contact us via the buttons below!